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Gerakan Pramuka is the national Scouting organization of Indonesia. Scouting was founded in the Dutch East Indies in 1912, and Indonesia became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1953. It has 17,103,793 members (as of 2011),〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://scout.org/en/content/download/22261/199900/file/Census.pdf )〕 making it the world's largest Scout association. Each year August 14 is celebrated as Pramuka Day to honor the organization's first public parade. The name ''Pramuka'' was derived from the acronym of "''Pra''ja ''mu''da ''ka''rana", Sanskrit meaning "young people willing to work". ==History== Scouting came to Indonesia in 1912, as a branch of the Nederlandse Padvinders Organisatie (NPO, Netherlands Pathfinder Organisation). After 1916 it was called the ''Nederland Indische Padvinders Vereeniging'' (Netherlands Indies Scout Movement). Other Scouting organizations were established by the ''Indonesia Scouts'' in 1916. As the Dutch East Indies, Indonesia had been a branch of the Netherlands Scout Association, yet Scouting was very popular, and had achieved great numbers and standards. When Indonesia became an independent country, there were more than 60 separate Boy Scout and Girl Guide organizations. Most were directly affiliated with some certain political parties or social groups. Attempts were made to unify all Scout organizations into one. The fact that Indonesia is made up of many islands made administration and supervision difficult, and the Japanese occupation caused some twenty separate Scout organizations to spring up, and it took time for them to coalesce. In September 1951 thirteen of the stronger Scout and Guide organizations nationwide met and decided to found a federating body to satisfy national and international needs. ''Ikatan Pandu Indonesia'' - Ipindo for short - came into being. Ipindo's motto was "Sedia", means "Be Prepared" in English. Tuan Soemardjo was elected chief commissioner, and Dr. Bahder Djohan, an old Scout and Minister of Education, became honorary President. Government approval of Ipindo was granted on February 22, 1952, and President Sukarno consented to become patron of the unifying and correlating National Scout Council. Indonesia has been a member of WOSM since 1953. Soon, other Scout and Guide organizations began to merge into Ipindo - whose emblem used the red color of the Flag of Indonesia plus the Coat of Arms of Indonesia. With the 1961 decision to absorb the Fadjar Harapan Pioneer movement organization (founded in 1959), the establishment of a single Scout Movement organization in Indonesia called "Gerakan Pramuka" was officially complete. In May 1961, the then President of Indonesia, Sukarno, signed a presidential regulation making Gerakan Pramuka the official Scout and Guide organization in Indonesia. As such the emblem was changed into its current one. Gerakan Pramuka is a former member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, having left WAGGGS and joined WOSM also for the girls in 2002. After Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, other Indonesian recipients of the ''Bronze Wolf'', the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, include Abdul Azis Saleh in 1978, John Beng Kiat Liem in 1982 and retired Lieutenant General Mashudi in 1985. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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